Nigeria

Imo

Eastern Heartland — a small, densely settled Igbo state around Owerri, where Oguta Lake's two waters meet without mixing, Mbari clay houses honour the earth, and the New Yam is eaten every August.

Imo at a glance

“Eastern Heartland” the slogan on Imo number plates; Wikipedia's plate table prints it as "EASTERN HEART LAND" and the Imo State article as "Eastern Heartland"

Nigeria · 5.5°N 7.0°E

Capital
Owerri
Formed
3 February 1976
Carved out of East Central State (1967–1976), whose other half became the old Anambra State
People
About 5.5 million (2022 projection)
The 2006 census counted 3,927,563 people; the 2022 projection of about 5.46 million is the figure reported on Wikipedia (NPC/NBS basis). Ranked 13th of 36 states; density about 891 per km².
Area
5,530 km²
Third-smallest of Nigeria's 36 states by area (34th of 36); only Anambra and Lagos are smaller.
Highest point
Okigwe uplands (southern end of the Udi Plateau, the Awgu–Okigwe Cuesta, north-eastern Imo)
Mostly lowland rainforest drained by the Imo River (eastern border), the Otamiri, Orashi and Awbana rivers, with Niger Delta swamp forest in the far south-west around Oguta and Ohaji/Egbema. The land rises only in the north-east, where the Udi Plateau runs south towards Okigwe as a cuesta of hilly farmland. No reliable summit height is published for Imo, so none is claimed.
Local government areas
27
Aboh Mbaise, Ahiazu Mbaise, Ehime Mbano, Ezinihitte Mbaise, Ideato North, Ideato South, Ihitte/Uboma, Ikeduru, Isiala Mbano, Isu, Mbaitoli, Ngor Okpala, Njaba, Nkwerre, Nwangele, Obowo, Oguta, Ohaji/Egbema, Okigwe, Onuimo, Orlu, Orsu, Oru East, Oru West, Owerri Municipal, Owerri North, Owerri West.
Peoples
Igbo (about 98% of the population; Imo is an Igbo heartland state)
Languages you will hear
Igbo (dominant and the everyday language of the state), English (official), Nigerian Pidgin (everyday bridge language, as across Nigeria)
Neighbours
Anambra (north), Abia (east), Rivers (south and west)
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributorsOpen larger map

Did you know?

  • Oguta Lake, in Oguta LGA in the west of the state, is the largest natural lake in Imo (about 8 km long, 2.5 km wide and up to 8 m deep), formed when alluvium dammed the lower Njaba River. Where the lake meets the Urashi (Orashi) River, the lake's green water and the river's brown water run side by side without mixing; local tradition says the two were a married couple who quarrelled. During the civil war the lake served as a Biafran marine base.Source: Wikipedia: Oguta Lake; Radio Nigeria Ibadan (4 April 2022); Pulse Nigeria
  • The Owerri area is the home of Mbari, open-sided houses of anthill clay filled with life-sized painted mud figures of Ala the earth goddess, Amadioha the thunder god, ancestors, animals and everyday people. They take years to build and are deliberately left to crumble back into the earth. A reconstructed Mbari house at the Mbari Cultural Centre in Owerri's Ikenegbu Layout (built in the 1980s) lets visitors see one.Source: Wikipedia: Mbari (art); Nnewi City: Mbari Cultural Centre, Owerri
  • Owerri, bounded by the Otamiri River to the east and the Nworie River to the south, is known across Nigeria for its hotels, night life and leisure parks, so much so that Wikipedia records its nickname "the Las Vegas of Africa". Its 2016 population estimate was about 1.4 million.Source: Wikipedia: Owerri
  • Nekede Zoo (the Imo State Zoological Garden) in Owerri West LGA was established in 1976 under the state Ministry of Agriculture on about 10 hectares of reserved forest, and is described as the only zoo in Nigeria's South East.Source: Nigeria Galleria: Nekede Zoo; Leadership newspaper report on the zoo
  • The Ahiajoku Lecture, a yearly public lecture on Igbo history, language and culture, was instituted by the Imo State government in 1979 under Governor Sam Mbakwe. The first lecture, "A Matter of Identity" by Professor M. J. C. Echeruo of Umunumo in Ehime Mbano, was published by the state's Culture Division; later lecturers have included Chinua Achebe and Adiele Afigbo.Source: The Heartlander (27 October 2024); Wikipedia: Michael Echeruo
  • The Igbo New Yam Festival (Iri Ji) marks the first yam harvest at the end of the rains, usually from August; the eldest or the king eats the first roasted yam with palm oil before anyone else. In Mbaise (three LGAs in south-eastern Imo, among the most densely populated places in West Africa) Iri Ji has been held every 15 August since 1946 and draws Mbaise families home from across Nigeria and the diaspora.Source: Wikipedia: New Yam Festival of the Igbo; Wikipedia: Mbaise; Nigeria Galleria: Iri Ji festival in Imo
  • Flora Nwapa (1931–1993), born in Oguta on 13 January 1931, was the first African woman novelist published in English in Britain with Efuru (1966) and founded Tana Press in 1970; she has been called the mother of modern African literature.Source: Wikipedia: Flora Nwapa

Sources: Wikipedia: Imo State (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Vehicle registration plates of Nigeria (Imo: "EASTERN HEART LAND") (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: East Central State (created 27 May 1967; divided into Anambra and Imo on 3 February 1976) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Abia State (created from Imo on 27 August 1991) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Owerri (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Umuahia (capture on 24 December 1969; Owerri the last Biafran capital) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Nigerian Civil War (6 July 1967 – 15 January 1970) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Orlu, Imo (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Okigwe (hilly farmland; rail line) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Udi-Nsukka Plateau (continues south towards Okigwe as the Awgu–Okigwe Cuesta) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Oguta Lake (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Oguta (accessed 2026-10-04) · Radio Nigeria Ibadan: Oguta Lake, where two angry rivers flow without ever coming together (4 April 2022) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Pulse Nigeria: Oguta Lake, in a corner of Imo two angry rivers flow without ever coming together (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Mbari (art) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Nnewi City: Mbari Cultural Centre, Owerri (Ikenegbu Layout, built 1980s, Imo State Council for Arts and Culture) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Nigeria Galleria: Nekede Zoo, Imo State (established 1976, 10 ha, Owerri West LGA) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Leadership: Imo community opposes plan to convert zoo to estate (zoo established 1976, 10 ha) (accessed 2026-10-04) · The Heartlander: Imo State Government revives Ahiajoku Festival and Lecture Series (instituted 1979 under Sam Mbakwe), 27 October 2024 (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Michael Echeruo (Umunumo, Ehime Mbano; "A Matter of Identity", 1979, Imo Culture Division) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: New Yam Festival of the Igbo (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Mbaise (15 August new yam festival since 1946; 2006 population 611,204; density over 1,000/km²) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Nigeria Galleria: Iri Ji festival in Imo State (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Flora Nwapa (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Igbo language (34 million native speakers, 2023; Ọnwụ alphabet; tonal) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikipedia: Nigerian Pidgin (accessed 2026-10-04) · Harvard ELIAS Igbo, Unit 8: Ezi na ụlọ ndị Igbo (Igbo family system) (accessed 2026-10-04) · Harvard ELIAS Igbo, Unit 20: Ịzụ ahịa na ire ahịa (buying and selling) (accessed 2026-10-04) · ezinaulo.com: Family, friends and people vocabulary (accessed 2026-10-04) · Omniglot: Useful phrases in Igbo (accessed 2026-10-04) · Wikivoyage: Igbo phrasebook (accessed 2026-10-04) · Nzuko Mba: 20 best phrases in Igbo for shopping (accessed 2026-10-04) · OpenStreetMap Nominatim: Imo State boundary (bbox and centroid, relation 3717825) (accessed 2026-10-04). Figures are the latest we could verify; population is an estimate unless marked census.

Kids mode — family-friendly stories and media.

Geographic Time Machine

Real places, real footage · 1 item

Place write-ups

Place

Welcome to Imo, Nigeria

Place intro

Imo lies in the middle of Igboland in south-eastern Nigeria, a small state of about 5,530 square kilometres named after the Imo River, which runs along its eastern edge. Its number plates read Eastern Heartland, and the name fits: Imo is bordered by Anambra to the north, Abia to the east and Rivers to the south and west, and nearly everyone here, more than five million people by the 2022 projection, is Igbo. The land is low, green and wet, drained by the Otamiri, Orashi and Awbana rivers, rising only in the north-east where the hills around Okigwe mark the southern end of the Udi Plateau.

The capital is Owerri, set between the Otamiri River on its east and the Nworie River on its south. It became the seat of government when the state was created on 3 February 1976, and today it is known across Nigeria for its hotels, roundabouts and weekend life. Around it lie farming towns growing yam, cassava and oil palm; the second city, Orlu; the railway and cattle town of Okigwe; the crowded villages of Mbaise; and, in the far west, Oguta Lake, the largest natural lake in the state, where the green water of the lake and the brown water of the Urashi River run side by side without mixing.

For diaspora families, Imo is often simply "home": the compound where the Iri Ji New Yam is eaten each August, the Mbari clay figures that grandparents remember, the Nekede zoo of a school trip, the hall in Owerri where the yearly Ahiajoku Lecture on Igbo culture is given. This page gathers stories, Igbo lessons and, when approved, real place media so children abroad can know Imo as a specific place with its own history, not just "the East."

Virtual Classroom

Words and phrases to share · 2 items

Language

Igbo market phrases (Beginner)

Level: Beginner Audience: Family / all ages Geo: Nigeria → Imo (Owerri, Orlu, Okigwe and village markets, where bargaining in Igbo is part of the fun)

An Igbo market has no fixed price tags: the seller names a price, the buyer answers, and they meet somewhere in the middle. This lesson gives the handful of phrases a child needs to buy roasted corn, a bunch of bananas or a wrap of groundnuts with a cousin in an Imo market. Spellings follow Harvard's ELIAS Igbo course (Unit 20, buying and selling) and Omniglot; variant forms are shown. Greetings and counting 1–10 are covered in separate beginner lessons, so they are not repeated here, but do learn them first: you will need Ndeewo and the numbers to understand the price.

IgboEnglishNotes
ahịamarketỊzụ ahịa = to buy; ire ahịa = to sell
egomoney
Ego ole?How much?The essential question; the fuller form is Ego ole ka ihe a bụ? (How much is this?)
Ọ dị ọnụIt is expensiveSay it with a smile; it opens the bargaining
Ọ dị oke ọnụIt is too expensiveOke = too much
ikwe ọnụ ahịato bargainLiterally "to agree the price of goods"
MbaNo
EeYesOmniglot writes Eee
BikoPlease
WetaBringWeta ji (bring yams)
Nye mGive meNye m mgbako ego biko = give me the bill, please (Nzuko Mba)
Achọrọ m…I want…Wikivoyage phrasebook
M na-azụI will buy (it)ELIAS Unit 20
jiyamThe crop of the Iri Ji festival
azụfishFresh from Oguta Lake in the west of the state
ọkụkọchicken
akpabagAkpa for carrying your shopping
onye na-ere ahịaseller, traderLiterally "person who sells goods"
onye na-azụ ahịabuyer, customer
Daalụ / Ị meelaThank youBoth are common; Ị meela is slightly warmer
Ka ọmesịaGoodbye, see you laterAlso Ka ọ dị

[Audio: a relative saying each phrase, then acting out a quick bargain — never a fake audio URL] [Image: a yam stall at a market in Owerri — placeholder only]

Mini dialogue at a yam stall

  • Buyer: Ndeewo. Ego ole ka ji a bụ? (Hello. How much is this yam?)
  • Seller: Ọ bụ naira asatọ. (It is eight naira — a textbook price from the ELIAS lesson, not a real one.)
  • Buyer: Ọ dị ọnụ! Biko, wepụ. (It is expensive! Please, take some off.)
  • Seller: Ngwa, ọ dị mma. (All right, fine.)
  • Buyer: Daalụ.

Practice game: the kitchen market

Set up a "stall" at home with fruit from the kitchen. One person sells, one buys, and the buyer must ask Ego ole?, protest Ọ dị ọnụ! at least once, and finish with Daalụ. Swap roles. Children learn the rhythm of bargaining faster than the vocabulary, and that is fine: the rhythm is the lesson.

Only well-attested standard Igbo phrases; prices are illustrative, not real. Market Igbo varies by town, so copy the cousin who takes you shopping.

Language

Igbo family words (Beginner)

Level: Beginner Audience: Family / all ages Geo: Nigeria → Imo, where Igbo is the language of the compound, the village meeting and the New Yam feast

Igbo is a tonal language with about 34 million native speakers (2023), and in Imo almost every child grows up hearing it. Family is the centre of Igbo life: ezi na ụlọ means the household (literally "outside and house"), and the wider family on the father's side is the ụmụnna. Words for relatives are built from a few blocks: nne (mother), nna (father), nwa (child) and nwanne (sibling, literally "child of mother"). Spellings below follow Harvard's ELIAS Igbo course and ezinaulo.com; where references differ, both forms are shown. Standard spelling uses the Ọnwụ alphabet, so the dotted letters ị ọ ụ are different sounds from i o u.

IgboEnglishNotes
ezi na ụlọfamily, householdAlso written as one word, ezinaụlọ
nnemotherAlso the respectful address for any older woman
nnafather
nne na nnaparentsLiterally "mother and father"
nwachild, babyPlural ụmụ or ụmụaka (children)
nwa nwokeson, boyNwoke = male
nwa nwanyịdaughter, girlNwanyị = female
ọkparafirst sonAlso di ọkpara
adafirst daughterAlso ada nwanyị
nwannesiblingLiterally "child of (my) mother"; brother or sister
nwanne nwokebrotherElder: nwanne nwoke nnukwu; younger: nwanne nwoke obere or nta
nwanne nwanyịsisterElder: nwanne nwanyị nnukwu; younger: nwanne nwanyị obere or nta
nne nnematernal grandmotherELIAS gives nne nna for paternal grandmother; ezinaulo.com also lists nne ochie for grandmother
nna nnapaternal grandfatherELIAS gives nna nne for maternal grandfather; ezinaulo.com also lists nna ochie
nwa nwagrandchildPlural ụmụ ụmụ
nwanne nnauncle or aunt on the father's sideELIAS specifies nwanne nna nwoke (uncle) and nwanne nna nwanyị (aunt); dede / dada are also used for uncle / aunt
nwanne nneuncle or aunt on the mother's sideSame pattern with nne
nwa nwannecousin, niece or nephewLiterally "child of a sibling"; add nwoke / nwanyị to specify
dihusband
nwunyewife
ọgọin-lawNne di / nna di = husband's mother / father
ụmụnnathe father's-side kin groupThe extended family that meets, decides and celebrates together
ụmụ ejimatwins

[Audio: a relative naming each family member at home pace — never a fake audio URL] [Image: three generations on a compound veranda in Imo — placeholder only]

Build your own family tree

Give the child a sheet of paper and have them write nne, nna and themselves (nwa) in the middle, then add nwanne for each sibling, nne nne and nna nna above, and nwanne nna or nwanne nne to the sides. Phone a grandparent and have the child introduce each person by the Igbo word.

Mini dialogue at the New Yam feast

  • Child: Nne, onye bụ nwoke a? (Mother, who is this man?)
  • Mother: Ọ bụ nwanne nna gị. (He is your father's brother, your uncle.)
  • Child: Ndeewo, dede.

Practice tip

Tone carries meaning, so a written word is only half the lesson. Record an aunt or grandparent saying each line and copy the rise and fall, not just the letters. In Imo, a child who greets each relative by the right word at a family gathering is praised loudly; let them enjoy that.

Only well-attested standard Igbo terms; dialect varies between Owerri, Orlu, Okigwe and Mbaise, so a relative's version is always the right one for your family.

Nostalgia Library

Folklore, retold for families · 2 items

Folklore

Chidera and the House of Clay

Original children's story set near Owerri, Imo, about the Mbari clay-house tradition (original work; not a transcription of any oral text)

Lesson: Some beautiful things are made to be given away, not kept; the giving is the point.

Chidera liked to keep things. In his room in Manchester he kept football stickers, bus tickets and every drawing he had ever made, in a box under the bed. "Everything I make, I keep," he told his mother.

So when they visited his great-aunt Mama Adaku outside Owerri, in Imo State, and she told him about the house of clay, he did not understand it at all.

"When I was a girl," Mama Adaku said, "the elders of our village chose some men and women to build an Mbari. Do you know what that is?"

Chidera shook his head.

"It is a house for Ala, the earth. Not a house to live in. A house of gifts. Open on all sides, with a roof, and inside, figures made of clay. Life-sized. Painted. Ala herself sitting in the middle with a child on her knee. Amadioha, who sends the thunder. Farmers, drummers, a woman carrying a pot, a man on a bicycle, animals, even a leopard. Everything we knew, made in clay."

"Who made them?"

"The chosen ones. They went away from the village to build it, and nobody was allowed to see until it was finished. It took years. They dug the clay from anthills, because anthill clay is strong, and they built and painted and built." She smiled. "I carried water for them once. I was not supposed to look, but I looked."

Chidera's eyes were round. "Then what? Is it still there? Can we go and see it?"

"No," said Mama Adaku. "It is gone."

"Gone? Somebody broke it?"

"Nobody broke it. The rain did. The sun did. That was the plan. When the Mbari was finished there was a great feast, and then the people walked away and never repaired it. Every rainy season it melted a little more, until it went back into the ground it came from."

Chidera was horrified. "But they worked for years! Why would you make something so beautiful and let it fall down?"

Mama Adaku looked at him for a long moment. Then she said, "Tomorrow we go to town."

In Owerri, at the Mbari Cultural Centre, there was a Mbari house built to last, with cement in the clay, so visitors could see what one looked like. Chidera walked slowly between the figures. Ala was there, calm and large. The thunder god. A woman with twins. The colours were bright: red earth, white chalk, black, yellow.

"This one is kept," he said, relieved.

"Yes, so children like you can see. But this is a picture of an Mbari. A real one is a gift, and a gift is not a gift if you keep it. When you made that drawing for your teacher, did you keep it?"

"No. I gave it to her."

"Was it less beautiful because you gave it away?"

Chidera was quiet. Then: "It was more. She put it on the wall."

"The people who built the Mbari were saying thank you to the earth for the yams and the rain and the children. You cannot say thank you by keeping. You say it by giving. And the earth took the gift back, slowly, the way she takes everything, and gave them a new harvest."

On the last day of the visit, Chidera dug some red clay from behind Mama Adaku's kitchen and made a small figure of a boy carrying water, the way she had done as a girl. He painted it with white chalk. Then he set it in the garden, at the foot of a pawpaw tree, in the open, where the rain would reach it.

"You are not taking it to Manchester?" said his mother.

"No," said Chidera. "It's for here."

What you give to the earth, the earth gives back in its own time.

Moral: Not everything beautiful is meant to be kept. Some things are made to be given, and the giving is what makes them beautiful.

Original story for AllAboutAfrica. Try it at home: make something with your child and give it away the same day. Talk about how that feels.

Folklore

Nkemdirim and the Two Waters of Oguta

Original children's place story set at Oguta Lake, Imo (original work; not a transcription of any oral text)

Lesson: People can be different, and stay different, and still belong to the same family.

Nkemdirim was eight, and she had two problems. The first was that she had come all the way from Houston to her grandfather's town of Oguta, in Imo State, and her cousin Chiamaka would not talk to her. The second was that Chiamaka would not talk to her because Nkemdirim said "water" the American way and Chiamaka said it the Oguta way, and each had laughed at the other on the very first day.

"Two girls in one compound, not speaking," said Grandpa Ikenna, shaking his head. "Come. Both of you. We are going to the lake."

They did not want to go together. They went anyway, one on each side of him, down the road to Oguta Lake, the biggest natural lake in the whole state. It stretched away flat and shining, nearly eight kilometres from end to end, with fishermen's canoes drawn up on the sand and women washing cassava at the edge.

Grandpa hired a canoe. The paddler, a tall man called Uche, pushed them out over water that was a clear, deep green. Nkemdirim trailed her fingers in it. Chiamaka trailed hers on the other side. Neither looked at the other.

"Now watch," said Grandpa.

The canoe turned towards the far shore, where a river came in. It was the Urashi, and its water was brown, the colour of tea with milk. And here was the strange thing: the green lake and the brown river met, and did not mix. There was a line in the water, as clear as if someone had drawn it with a ruler. Green on one side. Brown on the other. Uche held the canoe right over the line, so that one half floated on the lake and the other half floated on the river.

"Why don't they mix?" said Nkemdirim, forgetting not to speak.

"Everyone asks that," said Uche. "The old people say the lake, Ogbuide, is a woman and the river, Urashi, is a man, and long ago they were married and quarrelled, and since then they refuse to mix. Scientists say it is about how the waters move, and how heavy each one is. Both answers are true in their way."

Chiamaka put her hand in the brown water and then in the green. "They are both cold," she reported, to nobody in particular.

"Both cold," Nkemdirim agreed, to nobody in particular.

Grandpa Ikenna leaned back in the canoe. "Here is what I want you to see," he said. "The lake is still the lake. The river is still the river. They do not become the same. But look where you are sitting. You are in Oguta, and Oguta is made of both of them. The fishermen fish in both. The boats go on both. Nobody says the river should turn green, or the lake should turn brown, before they can share the same town."

Nkemdirim looked at Chiamaka. Chiamaka looked at the line in the water.

"You say water funny," Chiamaka said at last.

"You say it funny too," said Nkemdirim. Then, carefully: "Say it the Oguta way. I'll copy."

Chiamaka said it. Nkemdirim copied, badly, and this time when Chiamaka laughed it was a different kind of laugh, and Nkemdirim laughed too, and Uche nearly lost his paddle.

On the way back they sat on the same side of the canoe and the whole thing tilted, and Grandpa had to move to balance it. At the shore they ate roasted corn looking back at the lake, green near them and brown far away, two waters in one place.

That night Nkemdirim wrote in her notebook: Oguta Lake. Green and brown. They don't mix and they don't have to.

Two waters, one lake; two cousins, one compound.

Moral: You do not have to become the same as someone to share a home with them. The lake and the river have been neighbours for longer than anyone can remember.

Original story for AllAboutAfrica. Ask your child: what is one thing a cousin or friend does differently from you that you could learn instead of laugh at?

The Pulse

Life today, for parents

The Pulse is written for parents: 2 short notes on life in Imo today.